"AKC SCIENCE CLASSES"
CLASS 10 TH (CBSE AND MP BOARD)
CHAPTER 07
CONTROL AND COORDINATION
BASIC CONCEPT (PART 02)
(31) The space between membranes is filled by cerebrospinal fluid.
(32) There are three parts of brain
(ⅰ) Fore-brain,
(ⅱ) Mid-brain, and
(ⅲ) Hind-brain
(33) Optical lobe is the region for visual reception.
(34) Temporal lobe is the region for auditory reception.
(35) Parietal lobe is related with touch, smell, temperature and conscious association.
(36) Frontal lobe is a region for muscular activities.
(37) Cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata are the three centres of hind brain.
(38) Spinal cord is a cylindrical structure enclosed within vertebral column.
(39) Many activities of the internal organs like heart, blood vessels and glands are controlled by autonomic nervous system.
(40) Autonomic nervous system is divided into
(ⅰ) Sympathetic and
(ⅱ) Parasympathetic system.
(41) A reflex action is defined as an unconscious and involuntary response of effectors to a stimulus.
(42) The pathway of reflex action is called reflex arc.
(43) Hormones are chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands.
(44) Endocrine gland are those glands which secrete the hormones.
(45) Endocrine glands also called ductless glands because they do not have any type of duct to pass their hormones.
(46) Hormones form the chemical control and coordination system called hormonal system.
(47) Hormones are
(ⅰ) Specific,
(ⅱ) Secreted by endocrine glands,
(ⅲ) poured directly into the blood and
(ⅳ) they act on specific organ or tissue called target organ/tissue.
(48) Pituitary occurs in brain. It is an important gland so it is called master gland.
(49) Hormones regulate the various metabolic activities in the body.
(50) Nervous system and hormonal system in our body together perform the function of control and coordination.
(51) All movements in response to the environment are controlled and coordinated to make correct movement in response in living bodies. This is done through specialised tissues.
(52) A neuron
(ⅰ) acquires information through dendrites,
(ⅱ) the information travels as electric impulse through axon,
(ⅲ) the impulse is converted into a chemical signal at synapse (the gap between ends of axons and endrites of two neurons). Thus, information is transmitted from one neuron to the other.
(53) Voluntary movements :- Voluntary movements of body organs are those which are under control of our will. For example, movement of arms or legs.
(54) Involuntary movements :- Involuntary movements are those which are not in control of will. For example, beating of heart and peristaltic movement of intestine. These movements are controlled by the brain directly and are the spontaneous movements controlled by reflexes, that are controlled by spinal cord.
(55) In plants, movements takes place either due to growth or in response to some stimuli.
(56) In animals, some cells like muscles change shape in order for movements to happen. Muscles have specialised proteins. Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them, resulting in shrinking or swelling.
(57) Tendrils are sensitive to touch. When they come in contact with a support, the part of the tendril in contact with the object does not grow rapidly, whereas the part of the tendril away from the object grows comparatively faster. This causes the tendril to circle around the support and cling to it.
(58) The information is transferred through electrical impulses reach only those cells that are connected by nervous tissue. An other limitations is that once an electrical impulse is generated in a cell transmitted, the cell takes sometime to generate a new impulse. It means cells cannot continuously generate and transmit electrical impulses.
(59) Cells have a special molecules on their surface to recognise information conveyed through hormones.
(60) Feedback mechanisms regulate the timing and amount of hormones released.
