"AKC SCIENCE CLASSES"
CLASS 10 TH (CBSE AND MP BOARD)
CHAPTER 06
LIFE PROCESSES
INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (PART 01)
NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS (PAGE NO. 95)
Q.01:- Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like human?
Ans:- In multicellular organisms like us, all the body cells are not in direct contact with the surrounding environment. Thus, every cell of the body will not get oxygen as per need by the process of diffusion from the environment. So, complex multicellular organisms need specialized tissues, organs and organ system to take in oxygen.
Q.02:- What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?
Ans:- Some movements either visible like locomotion from one place to another and growth related movements or invisible movement such as movement of molecules are the criteria whether something is alive.
Q.03:- What are outside raw materials used for by an organisms?
Ans:- An organism needs raw materials from outside are mainly :-
(a) Food :- To supply energy, materials like minerals, vitamins etc., for working and maintenance of cells/tissues.
(b) Water :- To provide medium in the body to live and carry out all the metabolic reactions necessary for life.
(c) Oxygen :- For respiration.
Q.04:- What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?
Ans:- Processes essential for the maintaining life are :-
(ⅰ) Nutrition
(ⅱ) Respiration
(ⅲ) Transportation
(ⅳ) Excretion.
NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS (PAGE NO. 101)
Q.01:- What are the difference between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
Or
Write two difference between autotropic and heterotrophic nutrition.
Ans:-
| SL No. | Autotrophic nutrition | Heterotrophic nutrition |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Carbon and energy (food) requirements of the autotrophic organisms are fulfilled by photosynthesis. | Heterotrophic organisms are incapable to carry out photosynthesis. |
| 2 | Autotroph take in inorganic substances,(CO2 and H2O), from the outside and convert them into stored from of energy in the form of food, in presence of sunlight. That is, they prepare their own food. | They obtain their food from autotrophs directly or indirectly. They feed on plants or animals in various ways. |
Q.02:- Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?
Ans:- Plants need the following things :-
(ⅰ) Carbon dioxide :- Which plants get from the environment / atmosphere through stomata.
(ⅱ) Water :- Which plants (land plants) absorb from the soil through roots and transport to leaves.
(ⅲ) Sunlight :- Which plants get from the sun.
(ⅳ) Chlorophyll :- Chlorophyll is present in chloroplast found in green leaves and green parts of plants.
Q.03:- What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
Ans:- Role of the hydrochloric acid released by the gastric glands in the stomach is
(ⅰ) to create acidic medium which is necessary for the activation of the enzymes pepsin.
(ⅱ) to kill germs which the food may contain.
Q.04:- What is the function of digestive enzymes?
Ans:- The function of digestive enzymes :- The food we eat is complex in nature i.e., contains complex molecules. Digestive enzymes break down these complex molecules into soluble smaller and absorbed molecules so that they can be absorbed by the walls of the intestine.
Q.05:- How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?
Ans:- The small intestine is the site where digestion of food components is almost completed. It is also the place where digested food is absorbed into the blood to transport to each and every cell of the body.
The small intestines are designed to provide maximum area for absorption of digested food and its transfer into the blood for its circulation into the body. For this, the inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger like projections called villi. The villi are richly supplied with blood vessels which take the absorbed food to each and every cell of the body.
NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS (PAGE NO. 105)
Q.01:- What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism has with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
Ans:- The organisms that live in water use oxygen dissolved in surrounding water. Since air dissolved in water has fairly low concentration of oxygen, the aquatic organisms have much faster rate of breathing.
Terrestrial organisms take oxygen from the oxygen-rich atmosphere, through respiration organs. So, they have much less breathing rate than aquatic organisms.
Q.02:- What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms?
Ans:- First step of breakdown of glucose (6 carbon molecule) takes place in the cytoplasm of cells of all organisms. This process yield a three carbon molecule compound called Pyruvate.
Further breakdown of pyruvate takes place in different manners in different organisms.
(ⅰ) Anaerobic respiration :- This process takes place in absence of oxygen e.g., in yeast during fermentation. In this case pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
(ⅲ) Lack of oxygen :- Sometimes, when their is lack of oxygen, especially during vigorous activity in our muscles, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid (3 carbon molecule compound). Formation of lactic acid in muscles causes cramp.
Q.03:- How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
Ans:- (a) Transport of Oxygen :- The respiratory pigments present in the blood take up the oxygen from the air in the lungs. They carry the oxygen to tissues which are deficient in oxygen before releasing it. In human beings, the pigment respiratory pigment, called hemoglobin present in the red blood corpuscles carry oxygen to different tissues of the body.
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